The article is devoted to the role and significance of the concept of students’ autonomous activities as an effective method of individualization/personalization of the educational process and the formation of a harmonious multilateral personality of the 21st century, able to set goals consciously, plan and implement activities in achieving them. Besides, students should be solely responsible for the results achieved, regularly review and evaluate their activities effectiveness. Students’ autonomous activities is also considered as an effective motivational tool that allows to improve cognitive performance significantly.

The article closely examines the history of evolution of the final graduation exam in Russia at the end of the XIXth century. The realization of the official directives regulating the process of the exam and forming a certain ideal of the final control wasn’t always thorough. Facts from everyday teaching practice that reveal the real state of things are analyzed. Some controversies between the directives and the everyday practice that have been brought to light are not too significant. But to set the absolutely objective character of the control would be overestimation.

The article shows the ability to quickly identify the level of knowledge awareness based on methods proposed by different authors. It allows to determine the effectiveness of learning, to improve the learning process and to adapt educational information to each student. Complex application of different methods allows the teacher to develop individual methodological approaches to teaching of chemistry at a secondary school and helps the student to acquire certain skills to achieve a positive learning outcome.

The article reveals the essential conditions for the realization of the didactic principle of consciousness of knowledge on the example of teaching chemistry. Specific examples highlight the conditions of pupils’ knowledge awareness developed by I.J. Lerner. They manifest themselves in special techniques of work with the pupils. These conditions are considered from the point of view of teaching chemistry. The authors offer some techniques for working with the learning material, helping the pupils to comprehend the subject under study at a greater extent. The emphasis is placed on the levels of knowledge awareness, detection of which allows the teacher to adjust the learning process with the aim of achieving the maximum positive effect in learning.

The article is devoted to topical questions related to the goals and objectives of the military training of youth, as well as to the training of variable composition of educational institutions of the military Department of the Russian Empire to the defense of the Fatherland. Main methods used at the military school of the past are identified. The article is aimed at broadening the understanding of the problem of a technique of teaching at military educational institutions of the Russian Empire. Existing scientific paradigms, which correspond to certain types of pedagogical practice are briefly scrutinized.

The article deals with the psychological and pedagogical conditions of realization of the differential approach at the lessons of foreign language and presents the analysis of some research on this subject. The author considers it possible to use a group differentiation at the lessons of foreign language for qualitative implementation of the educational process. Particular attention is paid to the description of the factors that determine treatment relevance to the educational aspects and the related issues. It also contains examples and conclusions about the use of differentiated exercises for learning a foreign language.

The article deals with inclusive education as a specific mechanism of social integration of a child with disability. The main problems of inclusive education are analyzed at the conceptual, methodological, structural and functional, technological, material and technical levels. One of the current problems of inclusive education is the implementation of an individual approach to a child with the disability by specialists of regular school. This problem is solved by means of the incomplete transition to home-based learning, with the use of dosing and minimizing the amount of homework, replacing oral answers with written ones, as well as by individual interview after lessons. The abstract form of presenting the material studied, distance learning, psychological and defectological-logopedical techniques are among the solutions. The article presents the implementation of an individual approach in the organization of creative activity of a child with disability, as well as in working with the family of a disabled child.

The article is devoted to the development social and psychological maturity of a unified mythological game-educational space of an educational institution and families. The author presents the findings of the comparative analysis of the research results, which show that psychological-pedagogical and educational impact of a unified mythological game-educational space in contrast to the traditional approach provides more efficient self-development of a child. Besides, it stimulates the development of his self-concept, emotional and volitional component, which are basic in the formation of socio-psychological maturity of children.

The article clarifies the notion of the concepts: «school essay on a literary theme», «integrated result of creative learning activities». The essay on a literary topic is considered as a process of subject, metasubject, and personal activities performed in both oral and written form through creative reading.Stages, techniques and principles of creative educational activities of students are commented on the example of preparation for writing an essay on a literary theme. The ways to achieve an integrated result of students’ activities are shown on the example of training pupils for writing an essay in the genre of a personal diary.

The article considers and describes the options relying upon Russian speaking environment when teaching Russian as a foreign language. The author elaborates on the speech pattern as the base for developing the Russian communication skills among the students with a foreign language background. Basic speech patterns are shown. They are the basis for training lexical-grammatical patterns which stimulate successful Russian communicating abilities of foreign students in certain situations. Practical recommendations on the use of the basic speech patterns in the learning process are given.

At the moment there is a strong interactive link between education and the development of modern design. Every significant progress in design technology encourages further development of modern design. This fact is confirmed not only by educational practice but also by theoretical research of designing used in the implementation of project ideas. Since creating or modifying technologies can deeply affect the practice, as well as the academic activities and research in modern design, it is important to identify the vector of the research. It can determine the development of scientific and social principles in the implementation of professional design education. The study of the historical background of the evolution of modern flows in design gives general understanding of the methods in technological and ethical sociology in the practice of modern design education. According to the results of the research conducted, it was concluded that the application of technology for innovations, as wel as designers’ sense of social responsibility, attracts attention of not only designers, but also manufacturers of advertising products. All that allows to present and explain to the design students the essence of the relationship between technological innovations, designers’ social responsibility and the principles of modern design education.

This article analyzes the characteristics of organizing the innovation activity of future teachers in the course of vocational training in the system of continuous pedagogical education. The article scrutinizes the discipline "Organizational-Methodical Bases of Master Classes", the study of which allows to create the ability to design new content of education, technology and specific teaching methods. At the lessons the ability to conduct master classes is formed that extends post-graduate students’ capability to implement practical activities at educational institutions of various levels.

The article discusses the problem of teaching subjects of the mathematical block of undergraduate students in the field of training 38.03.04 "State and Municipal Management". The importance of teaching the method of mathematical modeling is revealed. The opportunities offered by the integration of the courses of mathematics and computer science to improve the methods of teaching the method of mathematical modeling are discussed. The article describes the option of changing the organization of teaching mathematical methods at the Faculty of Economy and Investments, the effectiveness of which is confirmed with the results of the experiment that took place at the faculty of Economics and Investments in 2013/14 - 2015/16 academic years.

The article presents the materials that reflect modern views on the methodology for implementing models of mixed training in the Russian Federation for the implementation of the system-activity approach. Mixed training is currently an insufficiently studied area of didactics, which allows to introduce the system-activity approach at the lessons on all disciplines of school basic curriculum. The system-activity approach is the methodological basis of the Federal State Educational Standard, which is required for implementation.

The present article deals with the processes of teaching a professional foreign language communication realised through the use of massive open online courses. The author considers the project method as one of the most efficient means of distance teaching and suggests a list of key parameters of massive open online courses justifying the viability of the project method used in the framework of this form of distance teaching.

The article focuses on the problem of selecting and working with authentic material in the process of forming contemporary students’ language and cultural competence. Among various ELT Sourses successfully used in the process of second language acquisition modern fiction is chosen as a means to study national peculiarities of character, mentality and culture in general. The author assumes that the study of a foreign literary text as a basis for various interdisciplinary projects promotes students’ motivation, which has a positive influence on the results of foreign language teaching.

The article discusses the term “comprehensive approach” as a method improving the efficiency of designing. The selection of learning tasks revealing its essence as a strategy of design is given. The concept "comprehensive approach" and the rational reasons for its use in design engineering are discussed. Some competences and skills formed in the process of designing are revealed.

The article presents the results of a study on the activities of legal clinics in the system of practice-oriented training of future lawyers. Based on the content analysis of interpretations of the term "legal clinic", the author substantiates the link between the functions of the legal clinic and its definitions. The relevance of the functional approach is reinforced with the role which legal clinics have in the social policy of a state, as well as with the change in their status in the content of basic educational programs of higher education in the direction of training. The author relies on the interscientific context of the functional approach and reveals legal clinics functions from the point of view of the needs of the state and law universities. The article provides the regulatory, organizational and methodological arguments for coordination of various functions. The emphasis is placed on the training activity provided by legal clinics.

The article discusses the need to develop methods and technologies of designing a graphic image in the learning process by students-designers of junior courses of the baccalaureate in the changing conditions of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the direction of "Design". The basis of the design concept methodology of teaching graphic image it is proposed to combine the artistic and creative processing of real objects and analytical method of copying, which ultimately will enhance the formation of stable interdisciplinary links between information technology and artistic design activity of students-designers in the learning process.

The article raises the problem of teaching a special drawing as a discipline which realizes interdisciplinary connections of the basic art disciplines. Defined the main task of the discipline “Special drawing”: the adaptation and application of competences which generated by discipline “the Academic drawing”,in project and creative sphere activity of students. There are differences in the specifics of general professional and specialized training bachelor. Based on the analysis of different approaches to the formation of the discipline proposed is the most appropriate, from the point of view of the authors, a variant of job scheduling module aimed at development of creative abilities of students of different profiles.

The article reveales theoretical fundamentals and the model of developing the upperform pupils’ basic culture through museum activities. The author of the article discloses the strategic aim, contents, and conditions necessary for the effective implementation of the model of upbringing. The form and means of educational work, the stages of the process of education are considered in this article. The author educed the criteria and indicators of formation of pupils’ basic culture. Special attention is paid to the detailed description of approaches to the process of upbringing, as well as to its principles.