The Problem of Moral and Patriotic Education of Preschool Children in the Domestic Pedagogy of the Soviet Period

   Relevance. The relevance of the research is determined by the need, through moral and patriotic education, to restore lost moral values in Russian society, to form in the younger generation a commitment to spiritual ideals and a sense of belonging to the centuries-old national history and culture.

   Aim. To investigate, in historical retrospect, the domestic pedagogical experience of moral and patriotic education of preschool children, which will allow us to fruitfully use its lessons to improve the effectiveness of the functioning of preschool children moral and patriotic education models in
modern conditions.

   Research methods. The leading method is the dialectical method of cognition, which includes the requirement to consider the system integrity and the interconnection of all its aspects. In the course of the research, a set of methods of the general theoretical level (analysis, synthesis, generalization,
comparison, actualization, systematization, etc.), as well as empirical (the method of expert assessments) and hermeneutic methods providing for the interpretation of texts were used.

   Scientific novelty and/or theoretical and/or practical significance. The study significance lies in the fact that trends and patterns in the development of the idea of moral and patriotic education of preschool children in the Soviet period of national history are revealed on the basis of the retrospective analysis of historical primary sources and scientific pedagogical literature. The characteristic features of the formation and development of the national system of moral and patriotic education of preschoolers are theoretically comprehended and analyzed. The development of the system of moral
and patriotic education of preschool children is considered as a process determined by historical, pedagogical and socio-cultural factors, as well as as a process that stimulates the socio-economic and cultural development of the country. The conducted analysis of the experience of the moral and patriotic education system development contributes to the improvement of approaches, forms and methods of moral and patriotic education of preschool children at the modern stage.

   Results. The result of this study is an idea of the formation and development of the national system of moral and patriotic education of preschool children as a consistent process of accumulation of scientific and pedagogical knowledge and experience, taking into account the specifics of political and socio-cultural features of various stages of Soviet period national history. The development of the idea of moral and patriotic education of preschool children took place in a multiethnic and multi-cultural society, which determined the content, forms, methods and means of this educational work direction in preschool educational organizations.

   Conclusion. The analysis of the historical retrospective of the moral and patriotic education pedagogical idea formation in the Soviet period of national history has shown that in the conditions of a fundamental change in social formation, the most effective means is the design of models of patriotic education of children, starting from the period of preschool childhood as an integral part of moral education. In the domestic pedagogy of preschool education of the Soviet period, there was a deep development of means of moral and patriotic education of preschoolers, such as fine arts, literature, music, folklore, the nature of the motherland, folk traditions, etc.; the idea of relying on universal values and on the cultivation of emotions and feelings of the child was the key factor.

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