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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mpjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский педагогический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Pedagogical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-4990</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4974</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State University of Education</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18384/2949-4974-2026-2-1-157-172</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mpjournal-2119</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дидактический потенциал анатомического рисования для системы медицинского образования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Pedagogical Value of Anatomical Drawing for the Medical Education System</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1936-4448</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимов Александр Викторович – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, декан медицинского факультета,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Maksimov – Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assoc. Prof., Dean of the Faculty of Medicine,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">av.maksimov@guppros.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8141-4552</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чистов</surname><given-names>П. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chistov</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чистов Павел Дмитриевич – кандидат педагогических наук, декан факультета изобразительного искусства и народных ремёсел,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel D. Chistov – Cand. Sci. (Education), Dean of the Faculty of Fine Arts and Folk Crafts,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pd.chistov@guppros.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4234-1869</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пивоварова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pivovarova</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пивоварова Оксана Анатольевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры терапии,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana A. Pivovarova - Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Prof., Department of Therapy,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oa.pivovarova@guppros.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный университет просвещения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State University of Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>157</fpage><lpage>172</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Максимов А.В., Чистов П.Д., Пивоварова О.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Максимов А.В., Чистов П.Д., Пивоварова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maksimov A., Chistov P., Pivovarova O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mpjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2119">https://www.mpjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2119</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. На основе проведения обзорно-аналитического исследования раскрыть дидактический потенциал анатомического рисования для системы медицинского образования.</p><p>Методология и методы исследования. Методологическую основу настоящего обзора составляет совокупность подходов, обеспечивающих комплексный анализ проблемы. Междисциплинарный подход позволяет рассматривать анатомическое рисование как неотъемлемый компонент дидактической системы медицинского образования. В рамках компетентностного подхода оценивается роль рисунка в формировании универсальных и профессиональных компетенций будущего специалиста. Деятельностный подход служит теоретической базой для объяснения когнитивных механизмов усвоения анатомических знаний в процессе их графического воспроизведения. Историко-генетический подход применяется для ретроспективного анализа эволюции дидактических функций анатомического рисунка от эпохи Возрождения до наших дней. Методы сравнительного анализа и научной классификации использовались для систематизации данных научной литературы по проблеме исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В результате исследования анатомического рисования обоснован его дидактический потенциал как инструмента концептуализации топографической анатомии, развития трёхмерного пространственного мышления и формирования профессиональных компетенций у обучающихся. Анализ результатов рандомизированных исследований демонстрирует статистически значимое улучшение показателей усвоения материала (прирост от 11% в группах рисования) и высокий уровень вовлечённости обучающихся (до 80–92% положительных отзывов). Особое внимание уделяется нейрокогнитивным механизмам кинестетического обучения, инклюзивному потенциалу метода и перспективам его интеграции с цифровыми образовательными средами.1</p><p>Теоретическая и/или практическая значимость исследования. Исследование вносит вклад в обоснование смены образовательной парадигмы: от пассивного потребления информации к активному познанию через рисование. Работа интегрирует современные данные нейродидактики (теория воплощенного познания) и когнитивной психологии («эффект рисования») в контекст высшего медицинского образования. В результате исследования переосмыслена исторически сложившаяся двойственность анатомического рисунка (искусство vs. медицина) и на основе актуальных исследований (2023–2025 гг.) доказано, что рисование является не архаизмом, а самостоятельным методом формирования устойчивых когнитивных схем и трёхмерной концептуализации, что ранее не было системно обосновано применительно к цифровому поколению студентов. Результаты исследования имеют прямое прикладное значение для модернизации учебных программ в медицинских вузах.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. В результате исследования получены следующие выводы: 1. Высокая эффективность рисования подтверждена эмпирически: современные исследования (2023–2025 гг.) доказывают, что рисование улучшает запоминание анатомии лучше, чем пассивная работа с 3D-моделями. 2. Развитие ключевых компетенций: рисование выступает действенным инструментом развития пространственного мышления, заставляя обучающихся мысленно вращать объект и анализировать форму. Наличие навыка изобразительной деятельности у обучающегося и применение его в ходе изучения анатомии формируют наиболее полное представление о строении человека, эффективно дополняя теоретическое обучение, методы наблюдения и пальпации. 3. Психологическая доступность и инклюзивность: боязнь рисовать («психологический барьер») быстро преодолевается после 2–3 занятий. Наибольший прогресс демонстрируют студенты, изначально оценивавшие свои навыки как низкие. Рисование также снижает тревожность и повышает вовлечённость (одобрение 80–89% участников). 4. Симбиоз с технологиями: цифровые технологии (VR, 3D-атласы) не заменяют рисунок, а дополняют его. Оптимальная модель – использование технологий для доступа к материалу, а рисования – для его активной когнитивной обработки. 5. Применение на разных уровнях образования: метод эффективен не только в вузе, но и в непрерывном образовании, и в просветительских проектах (как доступный и этичный способ популяризации знаний).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To conduct an overview and analytical study in the field of anatomical drawing and to identify the pedagogical value of anatomical drawing for the medical education system.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology</title><p>Methodology. The methodological basis of this review is a set of approaches that provide a comprehensive analysis of the problem. A systematic approach is used to consider anatomical drawing as an integral component of the didactic system of medical education. Within the framework of the competence approach, the role of drawing in the formation of universal and professional competencies of a future specialist is assessed. The activity-based approach serves as a theoretical basis for explaining the cognitive mechanisms of assimilation of anatomical knowledge in the process of their graphical reproduction. The historical and methodological approach is used for a retrospective analysis of the evolution of the didactic functions of anatomical drawing from the Renaissance to the present day. The methods of comparative analysis and scientific classification were used to systematize the scientific literature data on the research problem.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As a result of the study of anatomical drawing, its didactic potential as a tool for conceptualizing topographic anatomy, developing three-dimensional spatial thinking and forming professional competencies among students is substantiated. The analysis of the results of randomized trials demonstrates a statistically significant improvement in the indicators of material assimilation (an increase of 11% in drawing groups) and a high level of student engagement (up to 80–92% of positive reviews). Special attention is paid to the neurocognitive mechanisms of kinesthetic learning, the inclusive potential of the method and the prospects for its integration with digital educational environments.</p></sec><sec><title>Research implications</title><p>Research implications. The research contributes to the justification of the educational paradigm shift: from passive consumption of information to active cognition through drawing. The work integrates modern data from neuro0didactics (theory of embodied cognition) and cognitive psychology (“drawing effect”) into the context of higher medical education. As a result of the research, the historically established duality of anatomical drawing (art vs. art) has been reinterpreted. medicine) and based on current research (2023–2025), it has been proved that drawing is not an archaism, but an independent method of forming stable cognitive schemas and three-dimensional conceptualization, which was not previously systematically justified in relation to the digital generation of students. The results of the study have direct practical significance for the modernization of educational programs in medical universities.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were obtained: 1. The high efficiency of drawing has been empirically confirmed: modern research (2023–2025) proves that drawing improves memorization of anatomy better than passive work with 3D models. 2. Developing key competencies: drawing is an effective tool for developing spatial thinking, forcing students to mentally rotate an object and analyze its shape. The student’s visual skills and their application while studying anatomy form the most complete picture of the human structure, effectively complementing theoretical training, methods of observation and palpation. 3. Psychological accessibility and inclusivity: the fear of drawing (the “psychological barrier”) is quickly overcome after 2–3 classes. The students who initially rated their skills as low show the greatest progress. Drawing also reduces anxiety and increases engagement (80–89% of participants approved). 4. Symbiosis with technology: digital technologies (VR, 3D atlases) do not replace drawing but complement it. The optimal model is the use of technology to access the material, and drawing – for its active cognitive processing. 5. Application at different levels of education: the method is effective not only in higher education institutions, but also in continuing education and educational projects (as an accessible and ethical way to promote knowledge).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анатомическое рисование</kwd><kwd>медицинское образование</kwd><kwd>анатомия</kwd><kwd>педагогические методики</kwd><kwd>визуализация</kwd><kwd>пространственное мышление</kwd><kwd>3D-моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anatomical drawing</kwd><kwd>medical education</kwd><kwd>anatomy</kwd><kwd>pedagogical techniques</kwd><kwd>visualization</kwd><kwd>spatial thinking</kwd><kwd>3D modeling</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках научно-исследовательского проекта «Изучение и визуализация структуры организма человека: методика применения анатомического рисунка в подготовке обучающихся профильных предпрофессиональных медицинских классов Московской области», выполняемого в рамках конкурса на получение грантов Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Государственный университет просвещения». Приказ ФГАОУ ВО «Государственный университет просвещения», № Пр-7 от 13.01.2026 г.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the framework of the research project “Study and visualization of the structure of the human body: methods of using anatomical drawing in the preparation of students of specialized pre-professional medical classes in the Moscow region” supported by the grant competition of the Federal State University of Education. Order No. Pr–7, dated 13.01.2026.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дружинин А. А., Муратов А. М. Проблема анатомического рисунка как актуальнейшая в академическом художественном образовании. Методики и практики преподавания в московских художественных вузах // Academia. 2025. № 3. С. 561–566. 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